降钙素原、血清淀粉样蛋白及超敏C-反应蛋白水平检验在诊断早期脓毒血症的临床价值

目的：探析降钙素原、血清淀粉样蛋白及超敏C-反应蛋白水平检验在早期脓毒血症临床诊断中的应用价值。方法选择该院2010年1月—2014年8月期间所收治的96例脓毒血症患者进行研究,根据是否为细菌感染分为A、B两组,所有患者均于清晨采集2 mL外周静脉血后测定PCT、hs-CRP、SAA水平,比较两组PCT、hs-CRP、SAA水平及三种检测方法敏感性、特异性。结果A、B两组PCT、hs-CRP、SAA水平均存在较大差异(<0.05),差异有统计学意义。A、B两组中PCT检测敏感性均最高,与hs-CRP、SAA的两两比较均存在显著差异(<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论与hs-CRP、SAA相比,早期脓毒血症患者的血清PCT水平检测具有更高敏感性与特异性,更利于脓毒血症早期确诊,进而提供治疗指导,临床价值较高,值得借鉴与应用。     

论中医和希腊医学哲学理论的异同

中国和希腊,看似遥远的两个国家在古代哲学思想方面却近乎一致。古人一直在探寻自然现象的本质问题,并一直在试图回答这些系统联系的基础。在诸多问题中,他们最感兴趣的是天体运动,健康与疾病的相互关系,以及物质运动的原理。通过探究两种不同文化背景基础哲学理论的异同。     

天津蓟县山区药用植物根际及自然土壤无机元素含量测定

[目的] 通过对天津蓟县山区8个代表区域的土壤以及常用重点药材根际土壤中无机元素[铁、锰、铜、锌、钾、钙、镁、铅、镉(Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、K、Ca、Mg、Pb、Cd)]的含量测定,分析与评价土壤背景质量,为天津野生中药扩大种植奠定基础。[方法] 电热板湿法消解,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、K、Ca、Mg的含量,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定Pb、Cd的含量。[结果] 8个区域自然土壤样品中大量元素Fe、K、Ca、Mg的含量较多,Cu、Zn、Pb的含量水平相当。重金属元素Cu、Zn、Pb的含量均未超出标准,1个区域中Cd的含量稍有超标,但尚未对生态环境造成影响。药用植物根际土壤无机元素水平与蓟县山区自然土壤相当。[结论] 天津蓟县土壤无机元素含量适中,均达到自然背景水平,土壤整体质量较优。     

Mineral and trace element concentrations in seaweeds from the sub-Antarctic ecoregion of Magallanes (Chile)

The P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn concentrations were determined in seventy-three samples of seaweeds belonging to different genera (classified as brown, red and green seaweeds), which were collected from three zones in the sub-Antarctic ecoregion of Magallanes (Chile). There were clear differences in the concentrations between the considered genera. Brown seaweed had the highest mean K (31.4 g/kg) and Ca (10.3 g/kg) concentrations compared with red (14.1 g/kg for K and 3.11 g/kg for Ca) and green (13.9 g/kg for K and 7.58 g/kg for Ca) seaweed, and green seaweed had the highest mean Mg (15.0 g/kg), Fe (1260 mg/kg) and Cu (7.46 mg/kg) concentrations. The consumption of a serving (8 g) from of the three groups of brown, red and green seaweed is a good source of Fe, Mg and Mn (>25% of the Dietary Recommended Intake). Significant differences were observed in the mean concentrations of all the minerals and trace elements, except for Fe, Cu and Mn, between the three collection zones. Factor and discriminant analysis were used to differentiate the type of seaweed and sampling zone. Besides which, good classifications were obtained according to the type of seaweed using discriminant analysis.     

The content of selected minerals and vitamin C for potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) from the high Tiber Valley area,southeast Tuscany

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) from the high Tiber valley area (TVA; Tuscany, Italy), have been sampled and analyzed for selected mineral content (Na, Mg, K, Ca, and Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) and vitamin C, the year 2012; some samples from 2011 and 2013 crops were also collected and analyzed. The varieties were Daytona (DAY), Kennebec (KEN), Sifra (SIF) and Volare (VOL). Control samples consisted of mixed commercial varieties from the local market, namely C1, C2 and C3. The low content of sodium, especially for KEN (46 ± 3 mg/kg FD (freeze dry), year 2012) and SIF (47 ± 3) (VOL (55 ± 3) and DAY (61 ± 3) have a little higher values) is worth of note and in agreement with the scarce concentration of Na in the soil (291 ± 12 mg/kg DM). Magnesium was abundant in KEN (1434 ± 75 mg/kg FD, year 2012) and VOL (1334 ± 70). The content of K for DAY and KEN (13,147 ± 900 and 13,185 ± 900 mg/kg FD) was higher than for VOL and SIF; whereas Ca was in the range 340 ± 16–490 ± 28 mg/kg FD. The contents of Cu and Zn were higher in KEN (8.1 ± 0.3 and 25 ± 1 mg/kg FD) when compared to the other varieties and controls. The content of vitamin C is high for KEN and SIF and decreased significantly upon cooking (50% for KEN).     

Assessing arsenic,cadmium, and lead contents in major crops in Brazil for food safety purposes

The food chain is one of the major sources of human exposure to non-essential trace elements (TEs) present in soils. Human exposure to contaminated food is a worldwide health concern and a food safety issue that threatens agricultural trade. To assess the quality of Brazilian food products with respect to non-essential TEs, we evaluated arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) contents in five major crops grown in Brazil: rice, wheat, corn, soybeans, and potatoes. The samples were collected from field trials with a record of long-term use of phosphate fertilizers in the states of Mato Grosso and Minas Gerais, Brazil. The TE concentrations in soils were all bellow the maximum allowable concentrations for agricultural soils. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb (μg kg⁻¹ dry weight) were as follows: below the detection limit <15, 29, and <40 for rice; 19, 23, and 64 for wheat; 47, 40, and 95 for corn; 65, 23, and 106 for soybeans; and 59, 22, and <40 for potatoes, respectively. Significant differences were found in the As and Cd contents of the different wheat cultivars. The levels of As, Cd, and Pb found in the studied crops are well below the values reported in the literature and are in accordance with the Codex Alimentarius and the European Union and Brazilian guidelines, indicating that the concentrations of these elements in the crops do not pose a risk to human health.     

催化褪色光度法测定中草药白花蛇舌草中的微量锗

目的：利用催化褪色光度法测定中草药白花蛇舌草中微量元素锗。方法用超声波清洗仪提取中草药白花蛇舌草中微量元素锗,并用催化褪色光度法测定锗元素的含量。研究痕量锗在稀硫酸介质中催化加速溴酸钾、过氧化氢与中性红之间的反应,建立催化光度法测定痕量锗的方法。结果本实验测得中草药白花蛇舌草中无机锗（Ⅳ）含量为0.0248μg/g。结论该法灵敏度、精密度均能满足检测工作的需要。     

冻干驴乳粉中的矿物元素含量测定分析

按国标法对冻干驴乳粉中11种矿物元素含量进行测定,结果表明:驴乳粉含人体必需的常量和微量矿物元素,其中钙819 mg/100g、磷604 mg/100g、钾672 mg/100g、钠183 mg/100g、镁86 mg/100g、氯547 mg/100 g,钙磷比值1.36,钠钾比值0.27,同时还含有铁、锌、锰、铜、硒等。     

Plasma Aluminum Concentrations in Pediatric Patients Receiving Long‐Term Parenteral Nutrition

Background: Patients receiving long‐term parenteral nutrition (PN) are at increased risk of aluminium (Al) toxicity because of bypass of the gastrointestinal tract during PN infusion. Complications of Al toxicity include metabolic bone disease (MBD), Al‐associated encephalopathy in adults, and impaired neurological development in preterm infants. Unlike the United States, there are no regulations regarding Al content of large‐ and small‐volume parenterals in Canada. We, therefore, aimed to present our data on plasma Al concentration and Al intake from our cohort of pediatric patients receiving long‐term PN. Methods: Plasma Al concentration was retrospectively gathered from the patient charts of all 27 patients with intestinal failure (IF) receiving long‐term PN at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, and compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls recruited for comparison. In addition, Al concentration was measured in PN samples collected from 10 randomly selected patients with IF and used to determine their Al intake. Results: The plasma Al concentration of patients with IF receiving long‐term PN was significantly higher than that of control participants (1195 ± 710 vs 142 ± 63 nmol/L; P < .0001). In the subgroup of 10 patients for whom Al intake from their PN solution was determined, mean ± SD Al intake from PN was 15.4 ± 15 µg/kg, 3 times the Food and Drug Administration upper recommended intake level, and Al intake was significantly related to plasma Al concentration (P = .02, r² = 0.52). Conclusion: Pediatric patients receiving long‐term PN for IF in Canada are at risk for Al toxicity.     

Mobile genetic elements associated with carbapenemase genes in South American Enterobacterales

IntroductionCarbapenem resistance in members of order Enterobacterales is a growing public health problem causing high mortality in developing and industrialized countries. Its emergence and rapid propagation worldwide was due to both intercontinental spread of pandemic strains and horizontal dissemination via mobile genetic elements (MGE) such as plasmids and transposons.ObjectiveTo describe MGE carrying carbapenem resistance genes in Enterobacterales which have been reported in South America.Search strategy and selection criteriaA search of the literature in English or Spanish published until 2019 in PubMed, Google Scholar, LILACS and SciELO databases was performed for studies of MGE in Enterobacterales reported in South American countries.ResultsSeven South American countries reported MGE related to carbapenemases. Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae belonging to clonal complex 258 were the most prevalent pathogens reported; others carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales such as Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, and Providencia rettgeri also have been reported. The MGE implicated in the spread of the most prevalent carbapenemase genes are Tn4401 and non-Tn4401 elements for bla_KPC and ISAba125 for bla_NDM, located in different plasmid incompatibility groups, i.e. L/M, A/C, FII and bacterial clones.ConclusionThis review indicates that, like in other parts of the world, the most commonly reported carbapenemases in Enterobacterales from South America are being disseminated through clones, plasmids, and transposons which have been previously reported in other parts of the world.